Piston



INVENTOR las'caaCfcf .s- I

BY A

Y ATTORNEYS R. C. JONES PISTON Filed March 30 1925 Dec. 25, 1923.

WITNESSES 713 mm Patented Dec. 25, 1923.

' unirnn STATES 1 ,478,963 P TENT OFFICE.

ROSCOE C. JONES, 0F JEFFERSON, NEW YORK.

PISTON.

Applicationfiled March 30, 1923. Serial No. 628,911.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Roscoe C. JoNns, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Jefferson. in the county of Schoharie and State of New York, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Pistons, of

which the following is a full, clear, and eX- act description.

This invention relates to pistons for internal combustion engines.

Ordinarily, in the use of internal combustion engines considerable diflioulty is experienced in keeping the pistons in proper shape and size. The pistons sometimes lose their proper shape due to wear on one side, caused by the throw of the connecting rod. Continual wear reduces the size of the p1s ton thus reducing the efliciency of the engine. If the pistons of an internal combustion engine are out of shape or badly worn the efliciency of the engine is greatly reduced and in order to increase the efiiciency it is usually necessary to replace the pistons.

The general object of this invention is the provlsion of a cheap and simply constructed piston provided with means for varying its size so as to compensate for wear.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a piston provided with means for varying its size to compensate for wear which so varies the size of the piston as to give it the proper shape thus eliminating the danger of having a piston which is what is commonly called out of round.

These objects are accomplished by providing a piston casing having resilient side walls and mounting within the side walls means for varying the size of the piston casing upon changes in temperature.

' These and other objects of the invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a vertical section through the piston showing its construction;

Figure 2 is a horizontal section through the piston along the line 2-2, Figure 1.

Referring to the above-mentioned drawings, the invention includes a piston head 10 having a depending skirt 11. The skirt 11 is made from some thin material having elastic properties so that it may be expanded when subjected to a force from the inside. Mounted in the lower end of the skirt is a member 14 provided with an out-turned to the piston.

flange 15 which is attached to the lower edge of the skirt 11'. This member l4v is provided for receiving a wrist pin 17 which serves for attaching the connecting rod 16 In order to eliminate the danger of bending the skirt 11 as the piston is operated, a rigid member 18 is interposed between the member 14 and the piston head 10 so that forces applied to the piston head are transmitted to the connecting rod 16 through the rigid member 18 and the mem ber 14. The mounting of the member 14 in the bottom of the skirt forms a chamber 20 in the piston. A valve 19 is provided in the member 14 so thatthe chamber may be filled with any desired fluid. In selecting the fluids for filling the chamber 20 care would be observed in selecting one having the proper coeflicient of expansion to meet the requirements imposed on account of the thermal peculiarities of the engine.

In some cases the piston would be constructed without piston rings. This is possible since the fluid upon increase of temperature expands the skirt 11, giving the necessary sealing against the escape of gas past the piston. However, in the preferred fluid are contracted. Consequently, the pis tons are comparatively loose in the cylinders,

making it possible to crank the engine without a great application of force. This occurs since the compressionin the cylinders is not so great as in the usual type of engine where the sealing accomplished by the piston rings is as great when the engine is cold as when the engine is operating. After an engine provided with this type of piston has been set in operation thepiston head quickly heats and transmits a portion of its heat to the fluid enclosed in the chamber 20, expanding the fluid and the skirt of the piston, giving the necessary sealing for efiicient operation of the engine.

I would state in conclusionthat while the illustrated example constitutes a practical embodiment of my invention I do not limit myself strictly to the exact details herein illustrated since manifestly the same can be I considerably varied without departing from fluid enclosed within said chamber for varying the size of thecasing upon changes in temperature. a

S. A piston for internal combustion engines, comprising a hollow casing having resilient side Walls, means carried by the side walls for forming a chamber in the casing,

and means enclosed in said chamber for varying the size of the piston upon changes in temperature.

4:. A piston for internal combustion engines, comprising a piston head, an elastic skirt depending from said piston head, a member for carrying a wrist pin attached to said :skirt' forming a chamber, means connecting said wrist pin carrying member with the piston head, and means enclosed within said chamber for varying the diameter of the skirt upon changes in temperature.-

5. A piston for internal combustion engines," comprising a piston head, a; resilient skirt depending from said piston. head, means mounted in said skirt for attaching a Wrist pin and for closing the skirt formin a chamber, and a fluid enclosed withinsai chamber, said fluid serving-tovary the size of the piston skirt upon changes in temperature. I

nosoon 'o. JONES:

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